Convolution operation¶

\[\begin{split} s(t) = \int x(a) w(t-a)da \\ s(t) = \sum_{a=-\infty}^ tx(a) w(t-a) \\ s(t) = (x * w)(t) \end{split}\]
  • \(w\) is a valid probability density

  • in the discrete case in general we do not need the infinite sum since in most cases we have only finite number of elements.

Example \(x(a)\) measures a position, this measurement in noisy, and we take multiple measurements to reduce the noise. \(w(a)\) is a weighted average operation that puts more weight on recent measurements.